What principle does the M107 sniper rifle operate by?

The M107 sniper rifle operates based on the short recoil principle. This mechanism utilizes the rearward movement of the barrel and bolt during firing, which is caused by the energy generated from the firing process. In the short recoil system, the barrel and bolt recoil together for a short distance, allowing for the extraction and ejection of the spent cartridge case before the bolt returns to its forward position to chamber a new round.

This principle is essential for achieving both accuracy and reliability in the M107, allowing the rifle to handle high-powered rounds effectively while maintaining a manageable recoil for the shooter. The design contributes to the overall functionality of the rifle, facilitating quick follow-up shots and improving the marksman's effectiveness in various situations.

The other options represent different operational mechanisms used in various firearms. Gas operation, for instance, involves redirecting gas from the fired cartridge to cycle the action, while lever action employs a mechanical lever to eject cartridges and chamber new ones. Direct impingement works by directing gas into the receiver to operate the action, which differs significantly from the short recoil method used in the M107. Understanding these distinctions helps in grasping the operational characteristics and benefits of the M107 sniper rifle.