How long should a direct pepper spray burst at the subject's facial area last?

A direct burst of pepper spray to the subject's facial area should last for approximately 1 second. This duration is considered effective for incapacitating the target without excessive application that could lead to unintended consequences, such as increased risk of respiratory distress or harm to bystanders.

Using a 1-second burst focuses on delivering an immediate but controlled dose of the spray, allowing for quick engagement and de-escalation of the situation. The rapid application targets the eyes and respiratory system, maximizing the effectiveness of the spray while minimizing the chances of excessive exposure. Keeping the burst to this brief duration is vital for the safety of both the subject and the officer, ensuring that the use of force remains within the guidelines of appropriate and necessary levels of response.